
Phosphorus is one of the most common substances in our environment. Phosphorus is a key component of ATP, the energy-rich organic compound produced during photosynthesis and is involved in the creation of carbohydrates and several metabolic processes. Phosphorus is also abundant in seeds where it catalysts growth until the plant can develop a root system capable of acquiring nutrients from the soil. Read more here, here, and here.
During the 1950’s detergents were developed using tripolyphospate to replace the soap bar and remove the hardness from the water in the washing machines. During the same period of time, 1940’s-1960, the concentration of phosphate in raw wastewater-treatment-plant nearly quadrupled. But detergents were only part of the problem. In 1967 the amount of phosphorus being used for laundry detergent was only one-tenth of the amount being used for fertilizers.
How is a naturally occurring nutrient bad for the environment?
From the USGA site –
“Natural fresh surface water undergoes an aging process called eutrophication (eutrophic: from Greek and German meaning well fed). The process is associated with increased aquatic plant and algae growth, high nutrient content, a reduction in water clarity, and decreased dissolved oxygen content. Increased biological activity ultimately results in sedimentation as dead and decaying plant debris sinks and accumulates on the bottom of the lake or pond. In essence, surface water is transformed into a bog. Excessive inputs of phosphorus accelerate the eutrophication process of lakes.”
Or as described by the U.S. News and World Report –
“Each spring, the cycle of death begins anew. Nitrogen and phosphorus, leached from fertilizer, pass from farmland into streams, from streams into rivers—the Mississippi, the Potomac, the Susquehanna—and then, finally, into some of the country’s great bodies of water: the Gulf of Mexico, the Chesapeake Bay. There the chemicals collect each summer, spawning the growth of algae, (sound familiar? See our post on China’s recent algae bloom) which deplete the water of oxygen and lead to ghostly aquatic wastelands. Marine life, if mobile enough, will swim away; the rest will suffocate and die.”
By the end of the 1960’s Lake Erie was referred to as a dead lake and massive algae blooms had severely discolored the lake. The population of the blue pike, which used to make up 50% of a commercial fisherman’s harvest, plummeted between 1954-58 and by 1983 was designated an extinct species.
In 1970 a Congressional Committee recommended that phosphates be eliminated from all detergents by 1972 but the phosphate ban never happened. The Clean Water Act came along in 1972 and set out to measure pollution sources from pipes directly into surface water as well as runoff from agricultural, feedlots and etc. but by the 1980’s the Act merely worked to identify and monitor pollutants entering and leaving water treatment plants.
Today, most of us still have phosphates in our detergents, and these dead-zones continue to grow. The dead-zone along the Gulf of Mexico now measures 8,000 square miles – roughly the size of Massachusetts. In 2004, a UN report identified 150 of these dead zones worldwide. The Land of 10,000 Lakes (Minnesota) is all too familiar with the results of phosphate runoff. Since 2005 the state banned the use of fertilizers using phosphates with few exceptions that require approval by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture.
How can you go phosphate free?
Buy detergent that is phosphate free. Afraid that eco-friendly phosphate-free detergents won’t work as well as the highly saturated phosphate alternatives? According to a Consumer Reports study done just last August,
“Phosphates help boost the cleaning power of detergents, but they also harm the environment by encouraging algae growth in freshwater. Of the eight phosphate-free cleaners tested for this detergents review, six have enzymes. The Ecover tablet and powder, Citra-Dish, 365 Everyday Value, and Seventh Generation do a good to excellent job cleaning. The last two are reasonably priced, making those eco-friendly cleaners an attractive option.”
Avoid buying products that are grown using phosphate intensive fertilizers. Buy Organic. Ironically, since the demand for ethanol spiked, farmers are growing more corn for ethanol and dumping more fertilizer on to it for a better yield. So…go hybrid for now until you can go electric or hydrogen fuel cell.
Good News. Congress recently passed a sweeping farm bill that, for the first time, provides more than $400 million to improve the water quality in the Chesapeake Bay. The bill also allots several billion dollars for land stewardship and wetlands. Unfortunately, the bill also dramatically reduced funding for the Conservation Reserve Program which rewards farmers for setting aside land buffer strips and for keeping land unfarmed. This practice alone, prevented hundreds of millions of tons of nitrogen and phosphorus out of waterways last year. Read what town recently banned phosphates in detergents and plans to take the ban statewide in just two years.
Sattler Eco & Fair Labor Clothing
http://sattlerclothing.com/storefront/